Montessori Creative Imagination - 1275 Words

Montessori believed that the imagination be encouraged through real experiences and not fantasy. She felt very strong that this powerful force was not wasted on fantasy. It was important to allow a child to develop their imagination from real information and real experiences. Montessori believed that young children were attracted to reality; they learn to enjoy it and use their own imaginations to create new situations in their own lives. They were just excited about hearing a simple story of a man going to the shop and buying bread, then they would be of hearing a made up story. She felt that once the child was fed with plenty of real life experiences the child can then develop their own imagination from reality. â€Å"The young child†¦show more content†¦For the younger children, the imagination creates mental pictures of a world they cannot see. It is quite remarkable how Montessori recognised the power of the imagination in the learning process, something which to this today is still not totally utilised in traditional teaching. â€Å"Is the child’s mental horizon limited to what he sees? No. He has a type of mind that goes beyond the concrete. He has the great power of imagination.† Chapter 17, Pg. 160 The Absorbent Mind by Maria Montessori Children with a lively imagination can be categorized as being good at â€Å"creative subjects†, such as music, drama, art etc.. and would struggle at times in the more â€Å"logical subjects†, such as maths, geometry and so on. However Montessori felt that used correctly the imagination had had the power to bring human kinds to great levels and for both creative and logical subjects – it was just as powerful when painting a picture as well as working out a mathematical sum. â€Å"The secret of good teaching is to regard the child’s intelligence as a fertile field in which seeds may be sown, to grow under the heat of flaming imagination. Our aim therefore, is not merely to make the child understand, and still less to force him to memorize, but so touch his imagination s to inflame his enthusiasm to the inmost core. It is along the path of the higher realities, which can be grasped by the imagination that the child at this age is to be led.† Chapter 21, Pg. 367 Maria Montessori –Show MoreRelatedDr Montessori Emphasises the Importance of the Development of Imagination. How Do Cultural Activites in a Montessori Prepared Environment Aid in the Development?777 Words   |  4 PagesDr Montessori emphasises the importance of the development of imagination. How do cultural activities in a Montessori prepared environment aid in this development? Imagination, also called the faculty of imagining, is the ability of forming mental images, sensations and concepts, in a moment when they are not perceived through sight, hearing or other senses. Imagination is the work of the mind that helps create fantasy. Imagination helps provide meaning to experience and understanding to knowledge;Read MoreDevelopment of a Childs Imagination2322 Words   |  10 PagesDr Montessori emphasizes the importance of the development of imagination. How do cultural activities in a Montessori prepared environment aid in the development†¦. The ability to imagine is a unique human experience and deserves to be nurtured and encouraged. Dr. Maria Montessori believed that the development of the child’s imagination and creativity are inborn powers within the child that develops as his mental capacities are established through his interaction with the environment. The culturalRead MoreMontessori : Curriculum Model Approach Research1186 Words   |  5 PagesMontessori Curriculum Model Approach Research Paper 2017-10-13 The topic that I choose for my curriculum model/approach paper is Montessori. Montessori is an approach to education that is individual. It is for children from toddlers all through high school that helps all children reach full potential in all the areas of life. Montessori is an approach that is student-centered. Montessori encourages creativity and curiosity and helps children to ask questions, explore, investigate and think of themselvesRead MoreHome And School Are Places Of Social Processes1363 Words   |  6 Pagessociety, along with children who did not have disabilities(Cooney,2011). She then after wrote many books on how to understand and educate child with disabilities. Books written by the theorist are â€Å"The Montessori Method† (1909), â€Å"Absorbent Mind† (1949), and â€Å"Discovery of the Child† (1950). Maria Montessori also conducted lectures worldwide and wrote articles highlighting her four phases in which a child develops and how to educate them as well. In the area of theory of development aside from her successRead MoreSensitive Period and Absorbent Mind1093 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is sensitive period and the environment required for sensitive period At birth the child s physical development is more or less complete while psychologically it is still in the embryonic state. For this reason Dr. Maria Montessori called that the human being is still a spiritual embryo when it is born. Man seems to have two embryonic periods, one is prenatal like that of the animals; the other is postnatal and only man has this. -The Absorbent Mind, p55, Chapter 7. â€Å"A child possessesRead MoreMontessori and Its Effect on Our Lives7951 Words   |  32 Pages Montessori and Its Effect on Our Lives ABSRTACT Montessori is the foundation of every childs education and course of life. It not only develops the intellectual ability but also the physical and mental capabilities. This paper is about Montessori and the effect it has on our lives. It explains the purpose of Maria Montessoris work for the development of individuals and improving the traditional education system. Table of Contents Conventional Knowledge and Education 5 Chaos TheoryRead MoreMaria Montessori and Environment2607 Words   |  11 Pages which had been interrupted, is now taken up again, as nature has intended all along.† E.M Standing, Maria Montessori: her life and work, pg 174 Learning, by itself, cannot happen without concentration. Whether we are learning to tie our shoes, write our name, wash a car or solve complex algebraic equations, there is intense concentration specific to the task at hand. Dr. Maria Montessori understood the power of concentration, and her methodology is designed to nurture this power. ConcentrationRead MoreImportant Aspects Of A Functioning Classroom904 Words   |  4 PagesWe’ve debated what it means to be a great teacher. There are quite a few flaws in our education system today, but I believe most of the theories we discussed could be accorporated much more in the classroom. John Dewey, Friedrich Froebel, Maria Montessori, and Lev Vygotsky all understood the way children think and the importance of imaginative play. They also understood that children need to be active in nature. Also, we have discussed different forms of learning, such as project based learning,Read MoreMontessori - the Human Tendencies1810 Words   |   8 Pagesunparalleled work of Nature† (Montessori, M., From Childhood To Adolescence, 1973) Discuss the eight human tendencies as developed by Dr. Montessori and her followers. Show how children show these tendencies during the three main stages of development. Discuss how you think knowledge of human tendencies helps us when educating children. Give examples to support your answer ******************************** One of the greatest discoveries made by Dr. Montessori was that all humans love certainRead MorePhilosophy of Early Childhood Essay854 Words   |  4 Pagesfor a specific child given that each child comes to the learning center from diverse backgrounds and needs and how to nurture and support growing development in each child. As an early childhood teacher I would strive to provide information in a creative manner, engage children in discovery and mastery of concepts and skills, nurture development of play, and foster positive social interaction between myself and the children. 3 conceptual models that influence my philosophy of teaching: 1. John

Data Analysis and Results Using Cronbachs Alpha - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1667 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category IT Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS 4.1 Introduction Chapter 4 will discuss the findings of the research that obtained from the questionnaire. SPSS Version 22 will be used to analyse the data and summarise all of the results that collected from respondents. The function of data analysis is to facilitate in testing hypotheses. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Data Analysis and Results Using Cronbachs Alpha" essay for you Create order There are 4 statistical tools will be carried out to analyse the results that are Cronbachs Alpha, Descriptive statistic, Person Correlation Coefficient and Simple Linear Regression. Firstly, reliability statistics will be analysed by using Cronbachs Alpha. Meanwhile, demographic information of respondents will be described by descriptive statistic. In addition, the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable will be analysed by using Pearson Correlation. Simple Linear Regression will be used to investigate the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable. 4.2 Cronbach’s Alpha Table 1: Reliability Statistics in Section B, C, D and E for Pilot Test Section B Web Security Cronbachs Alpha N of Items .819 5 Section C Perceived Risk Cronbachs Alpha N of Items .826 5 Section D Perceived Usefulness Cronbachs Alpha N of Items .870 5 Section E Online Purchase Intention of Cinema Movie Ticket Cronbachs Alpha N of Items .853 5 Table 1 showed the reliability statistic of all variables in this research. There are 25 respondents from SEGi College Subang Jaya will be used in the Cronbachs Alpha in order to get the results of pilot test. As mentioned in chapter 3, the acceptable reliability value for Cronbachs Alpha is 0.7 and above. Meanwhile, there are total 5 items in each of the variable. The reliability value of Section B is 0.819, Section C is 0.826, Section D is 0.870 and Section E is 0.853. However, the reliability value of all variables is above 0.7. Thus, the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable is reliable for further research. 4.2 Demographic Information of Respondents Table 2: Gender Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Male 58 58.0 58.0 58.0 Female 42 42.0 42.0 100.0 Total 100 100.0 100.0 According to Table 2, result showed the majority respondents of this research are male. However, male account 58% of the respondents. Meanwhile, the remaining 42% respondents are female.However, male is more willing to participate this survey. Table 3: Age Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Less than 18 years old 6 6.0 6.0 6.0 18 to 20 years old 40 40.0 40.0 46.0 21 to 23 years old 48 48.0 48.0 94.0 Above 23 years old 6 6.0 6.0 100.0 Total 100 100.0 100.0 As shown in Table 3, the majority age of respondents are 21 to 23 years old. However, 21 to 23 years old of respondents occupy 48%. Moreover, the age between 18 to 20 years old of respondents account 40%. Other than that, the percentage of respondents those less than 18 years old and above 23 years old are same. Both of these respondents also account 6%. Table 4: Ethnic Group Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Malay 29 29.0 29.0 29.0 Chinese 53 53.0 53.0 82.0 Indian 14 14.0 14.0 96.0 Others 4 4.0 4.0 100.0 Total 100 100.0 100.0 Table 4 showed 53% of ethnic group is Chinese in this research. Next, 29% of the respondents are Malay. In addition, Indian occupies 14% of the respondents in this research. Others ethnic group made up by small portion that is 4%. Table 5: Highest Education Level Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Certificate 5 5.0 5.0 5.0 Diploma 34 34.0 34.0 39.0 Degree 56 56.0 56.0 95.0 Master 3 3.0 3.0 98.0 PhD 2 2.0 2.0 100.0 Total 100 100.0 100.0 As refer to Table 5, the majority highest education level of respondents is Degree level and account 56%. On the other hand, Diploma level occupies 34%. Followed by is certificate that occupies 5%. 3% of respondents are Master level. Meanwhile, the PhD level of respondents occupy 2%. Table 6: Your monthly income Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Below RM1000 82 82.0 82.0 82.0 RM1001 to RM2000 12 12.0 12.0 94.0 RM2001 to RM3000 4 4.0 4.0 98.0 Above RM3000 2 2.0 2.0 100.0 Total 100 100.0 100.0 According to table 6, the majority respondents monthly income are below RM1000. However, these respondents account 84% of the total respondents.12% of the total respondents income level are RM1001 to RM 2000. On the other hand, there are 4% of the total respondents income level are RM2001 to RM3000.Only 2% of respondents income level are above RM3000. 4.3 Pearson Correlation Coefficient Table 7: Correlation between Web Security and Customer Online Purchase Intention of Cinema Movie Ticket Total_IV1 Total_DV Total_IV1 Pearson Correlation 1 .680** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 100 100 Total_DV Pearson Correlation .680** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 100 100 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). Pearson correlation coefficient analysis is always used to measure the strength of the linear relationship between independent and dependent variable. Based on the rules of Pearson correlation coefficient, the larger coefficient identified the stronger relationship between independent and dependent variable.Table 7 showed the correlation of web security is significant at 0.01 level (2-tailed) with customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. The correlation coefficient of web security is 0.680. Thus, web security has a positive significant relationship with customeronline purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. In addition, Hypotheses 1 (H1) is supported as result indicates there is a positive relationship between web security and customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. Table 8: Correlation between Perceived Risk and Customer Online Purchase Intention of Cinema Movie Ticket Total_IV2 Total_DV Total_IV2 Pearson Correlation 1 .698** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 100 100 Total_DV Pearson Correlation .698** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 100 100 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). According to table 8, the correlation of perceived risk is significant at 0.01 level (2-tailed) with customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. The correlation coefficient of perceived risk is 0.698. Therefore, perceived risk has a positive significant relationship with customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. Compared with web security and perceived usefulness, perceived risk is the strongest significant with customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket.Furthermore, Hypotheses 2 (H2) is supported as result indicates there is a positive relationship between perceived risk and customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. Table 9: Correlation between Perceived Usefulness and Customer Online Purchase Intention of Cinema Movie Ticket Total_IV3 Total_DV Total_IV3 Pearson Correlation 1 .642** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 100 100 Total_DV Pearson Correlation .642** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 100 100 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). As shown in Table 9, the correlation of perceived usefulness is significant at 0.01 level (2-tailed) with customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. The correlation coefficient of perceived usefulness is 0.642. Hence, perceived risk has a positive significant relationship with customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. Compared with web security and perceived risk, perceived usefulness is the weakest significant with customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. Moreover, Hypotheses 3 (H3) is supported as result indicates there is a positive relationship between perceived usefulness and customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. 4.4 Simple Linear Regression Table 10: Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .680a .462 .456 2.44884 a. Predictors: (Constant), Total_IV1 Table 11: Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 1.328 1.118 1.188 .238 Total_IV1 .829 .090 .680 9.171 .000 a. Dependent Variable: Total_DV R Square is to measure the percentage of variance in customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket (Dependent Variable) can be explained by the predictor (Independent Variable). Standard Coefficient is to determine the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable is positive or negative. P-Value is to identify the significant of the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable. According to Table 10 and Table 11, the result of hypotheses testing is based on simple linear regression analysis. Web security is labeled as Total_IV1 and customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket is labeled as Total_DV. According to Table 10, the R Square value is 0.462. This mean that 46.2% of the variation in customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket can be explained by web security. As shown in Table 11, there is a positive relationship between web security and customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticke t when refer to Standard Coefficient (Beta=0.829). The P-Value is 0.00 that is less than 0.05. Therefore, the data is significant in statistically. Table 12: Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .698a .487 .482 2.39112 a. Predictors: (Constant), Total_IV2 Table 13: Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 2.739 .922 2.969 .004 Total_IV2 .743 .077 .698 9.644 .000 a. Dependent Variable: Total_DV R Square is to measure the percentage of variance in customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket (Dependent Variable) can be explained by the predictor (Independent Variable). Standard Coefficient is to determine the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable is positive or negative. P-Value is to identify the significant of the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable.According to Table 12 and Table 13, the result of hypotheses testing is based on simple linear regression analysis. Perceived risk is labeled as Total_IV2 and customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket is labeled as Total_DV. Table 12 showed the R Square value is 0.487. This mean that 48.7% of the variation in customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket can be explained by perceived risk. As stated in Table 13, there is a positive relationship between perceived risk and customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket when refer to Standard Coefficient (Beta=0.743). The P-Value is 0.00 that is less than 0.05. Hence, the data is significant in statistically.Compared with web security and perceived usefulness, perceived risk is the most powerful factor that influencing customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket. Table 14: Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .642a .412 .406 2.55970 a. Predictors: (Constant), Total_IV3 Table 15: Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 3.848 .938 4.100 .000 Total_IV3 .666 .080 .642 8.287 .000 a. Dependent Variable: Total_DV R Square is to measure the percentage of variance in customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket (Dependent Variable) can be explained by the predictor (Independent Variable). Standard Coefficient is to determine the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable is positive or negative. P-Value is to identify the significant of the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable. As refer to Table 14 and Table 15, the result of hypotheses testing is based on simple linear regression analysis. Perceived usefulness is labeled as Total_IV3 and customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket is labeled as Total_DV. Based on Table 14, the R Square value is 0.412. This mean that 41.2% of the variation in customer online purchase intention of cinema movie ticket can be explained by perceived usefulness. Table 15 showed there is a positive relationship between perceived usefulness and customer online purchase intention of cinem a movie ticket when refer to Standard Coefficient (Beta=0.666). The P-Value is 0.00 that is less than 0.05. Thus, the data is significant in statistically.

A Library Paper on the Effects of Excessive Production of Nurses Free Essays

The Philippines, according to recent news, has currently a high  unemployment and underemployment rate of Filipino nurses. One of the reasons behind this is the overproduction of nurses by Philippine Nursing Schools Overproduction nurses in the country still persists from approximately 350 schools (personal communication,  Philippine Nurses Association, 2005). It was reported (Klein, 2003) that the country produces more than  9,000 nurses annually, 5,000-7,000 of whom become licensed. We will write a custom essay sample on A Library Paper on the Effects of Excessive Production of Nurses or any similar topic only for you Order Now Da Prat, 2005) Another cause is the decreasing demand for  Filipino nurses in the United States and other countries. About four years ago, Nursing became an in demand profession abroad for Filipinos after various countries allowed immigrants to work and to have other immigration opportunities. It was then that an overwhelming number of students became enthralled by this high salary and decided to get a degree in Nursing. Eventually,  entrepreneurs took advantage of this increased demand to establish nursing schools due to the growing number of students who want to earn a degree in nursing. Apparently, not all the nursing schools offer quality-nursing education. This, too, affected the chances of the students to be employed. Moreover, the passing rate of the PRC nursing board examinations has significantly declined  for the last ten years, despite the increasing numbers of nursing graduates. (Hernandez, 2008) The proponents of the research have identified two categories that influence the overproduction of nurses, the intrinsic and extrinsic. The intrinsic factors include the interests of the students, and migration, whereas the peer pressure, and parental influence fall under extrinsic. The first intrinsic factor that influences the overproduction of nurses is the student’s interest. Personal interest is a feeling or emotion of a person that causes attention to focus on an object or an event or a process. (Encarta Dictionaries 2008) In this study, it denotes on the students’ way of selecting a particular degree when they will be in college that involves their primary attention and concentration. The college choice process has been defined as a funnel that progressively narrows the pool of students who consider attending higher education and finally resolves where they will attend (Litton, 1982; Hossler amp; Gallagher, 1987). Bateman and Spruill (1996) assert that the college choice process is ongoing, continuing throughout a student’s undergraduate career and beyond. Understanding why and where students initially choose to attend college is not only important in and of it, but may also be critical in understanding students’ continuing decisions about college attendance. Bateman and Spruill, 1996) Student’s aspirations of becoming a nurse have rooted from the following factors. First, they believe that nursing offers many job opportunities. Some of the career options that are available to nurses include home health care, volunteer opportunities, legal work, doctor’s office work, pediatric nursing, acute care nursing, surgical nursing, etc. , and th ey can even have additional training to become Nurse Practitioners, Nurse Midwives, and Nurse Anesthetists. Blanche, 2010) Second, it could offer them high salary and lots of benefits. According to Dr. Jaime-Galvez Tan of the University of the Philippines, wanting to earn and have a better life are the common reasons why registered nurses want to move to America, where the salary is $4,000 dollars a month compared to $180 to $220 per month in the Philippines. (Petrun, 2007) Lastly, Nursing is the field of interest and ambition of some students. Doctors may be the head of the operation in some cases but the nurses are the heart and soul. According to Professor Adelani Ogunrinade, the National University of Lesotho Vice-Chancellor, Nursing is a noble profession that requires dedication, compassion, love and care to patients. Another intrinsic element is migration. The developed countries have experienced chronic nursing shortages due to different factors, which include aging baby boomers and the lack of interest of its citizens to take up nursing. As a result, they recruit nurses from developing countries. Globalization and the General Agreement on Trade and Services (GATS) further promote this phenomenon to the developed nation’s advantage. To entice professionals to their countries, they offer benefits that include higher salaries, better working conditions and more career opportunities. The low wages, poor working conditions, and poor economic and political situations further drive Filipinos away from their country. These have led to mass migration of nurses, which is a phenomenon unique to the Philippines. Furthermore, the reasons for the migration of the professionals are a combination of â€Å"push† and â€Å"pull† factors. Push factors relate to exporting countries like the Philippines, while pull factors are to importing countries. The main â€Å"push† factor that motivates workers to go abroad is low salaries and poor employment conditions in the source countries, whereas the higher salaries offered, the immigrants status incentive and more career development opportunities are the ones considered as â€Å"pull† factors. To a particular extent, there is a mirror image of push and pull factors which pertain to the relative payment of pay, career opportunities, working conditions and working environment of the source and destination countries (Buchan et al, 2003). However, there are also some extrinsic factors that may contribute to the overproduction of nurses. First of which is peer pressure. Peer pressure is defined as the influence of a social group, which is considered as a person’s equal in such as respect, age, education and social class. (Encarta Dictionaries 2008) In this study, it refers to the persons or significant others that can manipulate the decision-making of the nursing students. Moreover, parent’s influence is also categorized under extrinsic factors. It is defined as the parent’s chance or ability to choose for their children (Encarta Dictionaries 2008). In this study, it refers to the capacity of the parents that can control the respondent’s decision to what degree to take in college. One consistent finding in research suggests that adolescents’ own aspirations are influenced by their parents’ aspirations or expectations for them. When adolescents perceive their parents to have high educational expectations for them, adolescents are likely to have higher aspirations for themselves. A 1998 Sylvan Learning Center report indicates that parents’ and children’s views about career aspirations are more compatible than incompatible. Parents are influential figures with whom, whether intentionally or unintentionally, children become aware of and get exposed to occupations or career opportunities and implied expectations. (Taylor et al, 2004) Other studies have separately examined the influences of each parent on the career choices of their sons or daughters and have found that mothers tend to have more influence on the career decisions/aspirations of their children than fathers. For instance, Mickelson and Velasco (1998) cited their interviews conducted with 70 young adults in 1986. They found that mothers were the most influential and that daughters’ occupational aspirations were often similar to their mothers’ chosen professions (Mickelson and Velasco, 1998). In similar studies, students were asked items such as, â€Å"What do you want to do with your life? † and to indicate if they agree or disagree with statements such as â€Å"My mother (father) encouraged me to make my own decisions. † The students’ responses were similar to those of their parents. These studies also found that students wanted to discuss career planning primarily with their mothers. Overall, research supports the influence of parental expectations and aspirations on the career decisions and aspirations of their children. These expectations lay a foundation for parents’ behaviors and interactions with their children, which then indirectly or directly influence choices they make in the future (Taylor et al, 2004). Different problems have surfaced due to overproduction of nurses. The unemployment and underemployment of nurses in the Philippines are not only caused by the diminishing demands of foreign countries, but also caused by the overproduction of nurses by different nursing schools. The profession is confronted with serious problems, notably the lack of employment possibilities, positions lower than the applicants’ professional qualifications, inadequate wages and poor working conditions. These are real problems as evidenced by the Philippine Nursing Compensation Survey commissioned by the Philippine Nurses Association (PNA) in the year 2009. Our economy is unable to absorb the large number of new entrants into the labor market each year. It is particularly difficult for young workers to find employment, and even more difficult for them to find well-paid, secure and safe jobs. Data from the PRC showed around 400,000 licensed nurses are not gainfully employed and an estimated 80,000 new nurses join their ranks each year. Furthermore, due to unavailability of hospital jobs, nurses, whether waiting for immigrant visa or not; whether newly registered or not, find other sources of income or jobs unrelated to nursing. The Philippine Overseas Employment Administration, in a report, showed only 10,000 nurses are able to work in foreign countries while others become underemployed or are working in jobs not related to their profession. In the year 2008, there were high rates of unemployment and underemployment in the Philippines due to overproduction and the declining demand for nurses in the United States. Nursing became an in-demand profession among Filipinos because of work opportunities and immigration overseas. With that, nursing schools in the Philippines increased in number. However, not all provide quality education for the students. The passing rate of PRC nursing licensure examination was decreased for the last 10 years. As a result, the Philippine Nurses Association (PNA) reiterated the need of focusing in the quality of education instead of commercializing it. Table 1. 1 shows the results of Philippine Nursing Board Exam from year 1997 up to year 2008. According to the data, the number of passers is considered also as the number of registered nurses in the Philippines for the last 12 years. With this number of registered nurses in the country, unemployment and underemployment are progressing up to the present. Table 1. 1 Aside from the given data, Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) and Board of Nursing (BON) made a review of the statistics from the year 1952 to 2008 the country has licensed 480,992 Filipino nurses out of 523,272 who actually passed the nursing licensure examination. Reflected in National Statistics Office and Labor Force Survey, the total number of Filipino nurses employed between October 2001 and 2007 were 58,000, which represented only 3. 86% of the total 1. 5 million employed professional workers. Based on the data, it can be concluded that there were more unemployed and/or underemployed nurses during the year 2001 to 2007. Furthermore, there were also unemployment and underemployment as a result of the retrogression of the United Sates visa and the change of policy in the United Kingdom in the year 2006. Governor Leah Primitiva Samaco-Paquiz, the PNA National Capital Region Zone II National President,  explained in an interview that â€Å"in the US alone, the quota for visas has been filled up resulting in delayed processing of visas with current efforts focused on 2006 accepted applicants, while the domestic market is now oversaturated with nursing pools in major hospitals as high as 1500 and with employment waiting times ranging from six to 12 months. † Nursing pools refers to those who were considered by the hospital employers but waiting to be officially employed. She also stated that the current nursing employment market is a buyer’s market that allows current employers to be highly selective and where the quality of a vast number of job seekers is very closely scrutinized. In the recent report of the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) last July 2010, they updated that there were 187,000 unemployed nurses in the country today. According to them, nurses cannot find jobs because there are no vacancies in the hospitals. Lack of experiences also prevents them in seeking for jobs especially when they planned to go abroad. As a result, Filipino nurses ended up as underemployed, and even grab jobs with low salary. For the PRC, this is a waste of manpower if the government still allows nurses to be working abroad as caregivers and nursing assistants. Many students still want to earn a degree in nursing despite the fact that there is an evident high unemployment and underemployment rate in the country. Even nursing schools are increasing in number, without taking appropriate measures to ensure the right quality of education for the students. The following factors, therefore, are necessary in order to alleviate the overproduction of nurses. The government plays a big role in alleviating the number of nurses produced every year, thus helping our economy to improve and progress. It has a vital part in providing available jobs for future professionals. And when it comes to overproduction of nurses, the Philippine government is necessary to control the existing problem. The government should know and investigate on each of the nursing schools in the Philippines if they are to produce competent nursing professionals, made visible by passing the NLE (Nursing Licensure Examinations). If the school is not capable of doing so, it would be better if they advise it to close. As of now, it was reported that the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) would be closing 177 nursing schools in the country. (Nieva, 2008). It would also be better if the government would impose additional subjects in the nursing curriculum and increase practicum hours for nursing students. The government agency made this move to ensure the quality of Filipino nurses making them more competitive to the global arena. And most importantly, the government should allot more funds for health services, to accommodate nurses (Alave, 2008). Not only should the growing unemployment rate be addressed but also the salary rate as well. Nurses are professionals but they cannot work unless they volunteer or pay a hospital a huge sum of money just to be trained. Then if they even get absorbed, the pay is just pesos away from the minimum limit. Moreover, nurses are not just professionals, they save lives. They should be treated with respect and be properly compensated like every other profession here in the Philippines. Furthermore, the family also affects the decision of students in making choices in life. Lorentzen, 2008) One of the decisions they make is centered on their future career in life. Since family members are the people most often encountered by the students, then it is a big factor to consider. Family, specifically the parents should support and know what their children want to be in the future, and where they extremely do well in order to have a more secured future. Filipinos, nowadays think that taking up Nursin g is an easy and fast access to a better life. And so, parents are forcing their children to take up nursing, finding themselves in the end underemployed, and perhaps, unemployed. Each Family should wake up to the reality that being a nurse is not just a profession; it’s more of a vocation, and compassion in rendering service is a necessity since nurses are handling lives. The Philippines is known to produce more nursing graduates, and have more nursing schools, compared to any other country in the world. From 17 schools during the period 1907 to 1950 that produced 7,286 registered nurses, the country in 1999, had 186 nursing schools (Opiniano, 2002) with the combined capability to produce over 20,000 RNs a year, according to the UP Manila Journal (January-March 2000 issue; Corcega et al). According to this research, a huge difference in number of nursing schools is seen thus producing huge number of nurses per year. As previously mentioned, when Nursing became an in demand profession, people in the business community also saw an opportunity to establish nursing schools due to the increasing number of students who want to earn a degree in nursing. However, not all of these nursing schools provide the quality education needed in nursing. As a result, Nursing graduates from these schools get a lower probability to be employed. While there are many nursing graduates, the success rate of the PRC nursing board exams has significantly decreased for the last 10 years (48% passing rate). In view of this, the Philippine Nurses Association (PNA) reiterated the need to focus on quality nursing education instead of commercializing the profession. In relation to the CHED’s order of closing incompetent schools, the remaining school should also implement policies that are stricter in order to screen deserving student nurses, particularly in their training of becoming the future nurses. Nursing schools should set standards for the students to meet for them to be proficient nurses. Career decision making is a dynamic and ongoing process where your knowledge of self, your values, interests, temperament, financial needs, physical work requirements or limitations, etc. , the effects of past experiences, new information, and changes in your life situation and environment all intertwine. Each career decision is limited by what you are capable of now or in the future, by your ability to identify alternatives, and by what you are willing to do. Taking up nursing, and deciding to make it as a future career is a great risk because nurses don’t handle any material things, they are handling lives. Some of the reasons why students choose nursing are: forced by parents, a misconception of sure ticket to United States, and lastly, to follow the trend. Choosing one’s future career is no joke. So, right decision-making should be taken into consideration for a more secured future. People should know one’s strengths and weaknesses to serve as throttlehold for the next chapters in life. The Philippines continually produce more nurses than what the country needs, even more than the country can support. With all the current news regarding the decline in nursing demand and the continued increase of the number of unemployed and underemployed nursing graduates, if this condition is not properly controlled, this rate of unemployment/underemployment would, also, continue to persist. Not only does this count as a waste of time and money but the future of these students and the indirect effect to the country’s economy, isn’t beneficial at all. It would also be considered as a waste of time for students and parents alike who were poorly compensated for their efforts to create a better future for their children. Now the big question is: What will become of these students who are currently affected by the decreased demand for nurses? Along with the currently unemployed, they would probably find themselves competing for high-pay jobs with other numerous unemployed nurses. Tough times are in store for future students after graduation, putting even more strain on the employment sector as it tries diligently to find employment for students. Unless the government pays more attention to this concern and investigate and strictly implement the standards on each of the Nursing schools in the Philippines, only incompetent nurses would be produced, adding up to the growing number of unemployed nurses and graduates who are currently confronted with country’s grim unemployment and underemployment status. References Bateman, J. M. , amp; Spruill, D. A. (1996). Student decision making: Insights from the college choice process. College Student Journal, 30, 182-186. Blanche, Julie. (2010, March 9). 10 reasons a nursing degree is a good bet in education today. Retrieved on September 4, 2010 from http://www. nurses-forum. com/blog/246/10-reasons-a-nursing-degree-is-a-good-bet-in-education-today/ Chrisholm, M. , French B. et al. (2010). Safety concerns of hospital-based new-to-practice registered nurses and their preceptors. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 41 (4), 163-171. Daly, M. , Byers, E. , amp; Taylor, W. (2004). Early years management in practice: A Handbook for early years managers. (pp. 69-70). Oxford: Heinemann Educational Publishers. Danna, D. , Jones, J. , Schaubhut, R. (2010). From practice to How to cite A Library Paper on the Effects of Excessive Production of Nurses, Papers